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Chalapathi Rao, N. V.
- Chelima Dykes, Cuddapah Basin, Southern India: A Review of the Age, Petrology, Geochemistry and Petrogenesis of World’s Oldest Lamproites
Abstract Views :161 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 EPMA Laboratory, Mineralogy Section, Ore Dressing Division, Indian Bureau of Mines, MIDC-Hingna Road, Nagpur – 440 016, IN
1 EPMA Laboratory, Mineralogy Section, Ore Dressing Division, Indian Bureau of Mines, MIDC-Hingna Road, Nagpur – 440 016, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 69, No Spl Iss 3 (2007), Pagination: 523-538Abstract
Chelima dykes represent an important phase of igneous activity in the Palaeo- to Meso- Proterozoic Cuddapah Basin of southern India. These dykes are also widely regarded as a source of nearby alluvial diamonds. Recently, questions have been raised regarding their petrological status as lamproites and on the possibility of crustal contamination influencing their geochemistry. One of the objectives of the present review is to address these issues.
Petrology and geochemistry are indeed consistent with their nomenclature as lamproites. Crustal contamination is shown to be minimal in influencing their geochemistry. Available geochronological data make them the oldest yet recorded lamproites (ca.1400 Ma) in the world. Chelima dykes were derived from an ancient and anomalously enriched melt source region with lower-time integrated Sm/Nd ratios than Bulk Earth and evolved in isolation from the convecting mantle. Petrogenetic modelling reveal that their source regions have been strongly depleted in the garnet stability field followed by enrichment by a metasomatic melt rich in LREE and other incompatible elements before final partial melting.
Despite their geographical proximity the Chelima dykes (along with those at Zangamarajupalle) are considered to be temporally as well as genetically unrelated to the (i) other igneous activities in the Cuddapah sediments and (ii) adjoining kimberlites in the Wajrakarur area towards the western margin of the Cuddapah Basin. Chelima dykes occur in an altogether different geodynamic setting compared to the deformed and metamorphosed alkaline rocks of the Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt which are recently opined to have been located in an ancient suture zone.
Keywords
Dyke, Lamproite, Petrology, Geochemistry, Diamond, Chelima, Cuddapah Basin.
- 40Ar - 39Ar Dating of the Kodomali Pipe, Bastar Craton, India: A Pan-African (491±11 Ma) Age of Diamondiferous Kimberlite Emplacement
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Authors
Affiliations
1 EPMA Laboratory, Ore Dressing Division, Indian Bureau of Mines, MIDC, Hingna Road, Nagpur - 440 016, IN
2 Department of Earth, Atmospheric & Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, GB
3 Department of Earth sciences, CEPSAR, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, GB
4 C-52, Gayatri Nagar, Raipur - 492 007, Chattisgarh, IN
1 EPMA Laboratory, Ore Dressing Division, Indian Bureau of Mines, MIDC, Hingna Road, Nagpur - 440 016, IN
2 Department of Earth, Atmospheric & Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, GB
3 Department of Earth sciences, CEPSAR, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, GB
4 C-52, Gayatri Nagar, Raipur - 492 007, Chattisgarh, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 69, No Spl Iss 3 (2007), Pagination: 539-545Abstract
We report a 40Ar/39Ar whole rock age of 491±11 Ma for the hypabyssal facies, diamondiferous, Kodomali diatreme from the Mainpur kimberlite field (MKF) located 135 km SE of Raipur city, within the Bastar craton, Central India. This age is well supported by the available stratigraphic evidence and also by the recently published Nd isotopic data of the pipe. This study provides the first radiometric evidence for Palaeozoic kimberlite activity of Pan-African age in the Indian shield and recognizes a new and important diamondiferous kimberlite emplacement epoch in this part of the Gondwanaland. Our results also highlight the fact that kimberlite and lamproite emplacement in various Indian cratons occurred over a large time interval and was not essentially contemporaneous during Mesoproterozoic (~1090Ma) as suggested by some earlier workers. If the Pan African age of the Kodomali kimberlite corresponds to a collision with the craton, then the amalgamation of the Indian craton into the Indo-Antarctic supercontinent indeed took place considerably much later than previously assumed.Keywords
Kimberlite, Pan-African Age, Kodomali, Bastar Craton, Central India.- Light Rare Earth Elements (LREE) in Perovskite from Kimberlites of Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract Views :248 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Applied Geochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500 007, IN
1 Department of Applied Geochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad - 500 007, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 51, No 6 (1998), Pagination: 741-746Abstract
Electron microprobe analyses of ground mass perovskites from kimberlites of Andhra Pradesh, India, reveal that their LREE oxide contents range from 0.88 to 1.97 wt% in case of the Mahbubnagar kimberlites and 2.57 to 5.37 wt% in the Anantapur kimberlites, with Ce being the most abundant in every case followed by Nd and La. Chondrite-nonnalized REE distribution patterns of perovskites show good correlation with the respective whole-rock REE distributions thereby displaying the dominant role played by perovskite in controlling the kimberlite REE distribution patterns. Results of this study also show that the perovskites from Indian kimberlites, compared to those in Group 11 kimberlites (Orangeites) of South Africa, have relatively impoverished LREE.Keywords
Geochemistry, Electron Probe, Rare Earth Elements, Perovskite, Kimberlite, Andhra Pradesh.- Precise 40Ar/ 39Ar Age Determinations of the Kotakonda Kimberlite and Chelima Lamproite, India: Implication to the Timing of Mafic Dyke Swarm Emplacement in the Eastern Dharwar Craton
Abstract Views :201 |
PDF Views:2
Authors
Affiliations
1 Mineralogy Laboratory, Ore Dressing Division, Indian Bureau of Mines, Hingna Road, Nagpur- 440016, IN
2 Bullard Laboratories, Madingley Road, Cambridge- CB3 9BB, GB
3 Department of Earth Sciences, Downing Street, Cambridge- CB2 3EQ, GB
4 Department of Geology, Kakatiya University, Warangal- 506 009, IN
1 Mineralogy Laboratory, Ore Dressing Division, Indian Bureau of Mines, Hingna Road, Nagpur- 440016, IN
2 Bullard Laboratories, Madingley Road, Cambridge- CB3 9BB, GB
3 Department of Earth Sciences, Downing Street, Cambridge- CB2 3EQ, GB
4 Department of Geology, Kakatiya University, Warangal- 506 009, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 53, No 4 (1999), Pagination: 425-432Abstract
40Ar/ 39Ar age spectra of groundmass phlogopite separates from the Kotakonda kimberlite (Eastern Dharwar craton) and the Chelima lamproite (Cuddapah basin) are dominated by major plateaus at 1401.4±4.6Ma and 1417.8±8.2 Ma respectively. These ages are consistent (within their error limits) with the conventional K-Ar dates on phlogopite separates from the same samples earlier reported by us. This study supports our contention that the emplacement of Kotakonda kimberlite and Chelima lamproite was contemporaneous and these pipes are older than the Anantapur kimberlites (-1090 Ma) of the Eastern Dharwar craton. The agreement of ages obtained by employing more than one technique is a testimony of confidence in our results and, therefore, firmly establishes an episode of Proterozoic mafic potassic magmatic activity in the Eastern Dharwar craton and adjacent Cuddapah basin at ca. 1400 Ma. The concordance of plateaus and correlation of isochron plots for both these bodies suggests that at least these parts of the Eastern Dharwar craton and Cuddapah basin have not been subjected to any subsequent tectono-thermal activity. Our results contrast with the recent suggestion that a ∼ 1000 Ma thermal event in and around the Cuddapah basin led to argon loss and was responsible for the variable K-Ar ages of dyke swarms in the Eastern Dharwar craton.Keywords
40Ar/ 39Ar Ages, Kimberlite, Lamproite, Dyke Swarms, Dhanvar Craton, Andhra Pradesh.- Mineralogy and Textural Features of Settupalle Syenites, Prakasm District, Andhra Pradesh
Abstract Views :186 |
PDF Views:3
Authors
Affiliations
1 Bhavan's New Science College, Narayanguda, Hyderabad - 500 029, IN
2 Department of Geology, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 007, IN
1 Bhavan's New Science College, Narayanguda, Hyderabad - 500 029, IN
2 Department of Geology, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 007, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 45, No 2 (1995), Pagination: 137-144Abstract
The Settupalle igneous complex is characterised by syenitic variants with distinct mineralogic assemblages. The variable perthitic patterns, nature of plagioclase, fayalite-quartz assemblage in Settupalle syenites clearly suggest that the Settupalle igneous complex has evolved under fluctuating pressure and temperature conditions. The mineral chemistry of K-feldspar and plagioclase suggests that K-feldspar assemblage in these rocks indicates their subsolvus nature. The probable crystallization sequence of rocks is fayalite clinopyroxene syenite (FC-Syenite) - fayalite quartz syenite (FQ-Syenite)-hornblende syenite - quartz syenite - nepheline syenite in that order.Keywords
Mineralogy, Syenites, Settupalle, Prakasarn District, Andra Pradesh.- Titanium-Rich Phlogopites from the Zangamarajupalle Kimberlitic Rock, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract Views :172 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Bullard Laboratories, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge-CB3 OEZ, GB
2 Department of Geology, Kakatiya University, Warangal - 506009, IN
1 Bullard Laboratories, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge-CB3 OEZ, GB
2 Department of Geology, Kakatiya University, Warangal - 506009, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 47, No 3 (1996), Pagination: 355-363Abstract
Electron probe studies on the phlogopites from the Zangamarajupalle kimberlitic rock (14°76'7" : 78°88'3" E) in the Proterozoic Cuddapah basin, Andhra Pradesh, reveal their titanium rich (6 wt%) nature - a character typical of lamproite micas. The compositions and their systematic variation in the phlogopite micas of the Zangamarajupalle-kimberlitic rock are compared and contrasted with those of other kimberlitic and lamproitic rocks including pipe-2 Wajrakarur, pipeS (Muligiripalle) and Maddur (Mahbubnagar) - all of which have an ambiguous identity. The utility of phlogopite compositions in discriminating between kimberlites and lamproites is emphasised and an attempt is made to classify the studied rock types accordingly and the implications are discussed.Keywords
Petrochemistry, Phlogopite, Kimberlite, Zangamarajupalle, Andhra Pradesh.- A New Look at the Olivine-Lamproitic Rocks of the Maddur-Narayanpet Area, Mahbubnagar District Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract Views :207 |
PDF Views:1
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Bullard Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge-CB3 OEZ, GB
2 Department of Geology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009 A. P., IN
1 Department of Earth Sciences, Bullard Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge-CB3 OEZ, GB
2 Department of Geology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009 A. P., IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 47, No 6 (1996), Pagination: 649-664Abstract
The olivine- lamproitic/kimberlitic rocks occuring in parts of the Mahbubnagar district of Andhra Pradesh are re-examined in the light of new petrological and geochemical data. The titanium poor <3 TiO2, wt%) phlogopites, presence of primary calcite and composition of perovskites in these rocks are akin to those found in kimberlites. Calcium-rich iron silicate - kirschsteinite is being reported for the first time from Indian kimberlites in this work. The geochemical signatures of these rocks like potassic (K2O <3 wt%) character, magnesian rich nature (>30 wt% MgO), high Mg numbers (73-82) and incompatible element enrichment levels further characterise them to be kimberlites. The abundances and the chondrite normalized distribution patterns of their REE are remarkably different from the olivine lamproites of Western Australia. It is put forward here that all these occurrences are true kimberlites and not olivine-lamproites resembling those of Western Australia, as suggested by some workers elsewhere. It is further argued that all the kimberlites of Mahbubnagar district are genetically related and are different in this aspect from atIeast one kimberlite from the Anantapur district - Chigicherla pipe-2, the latest pipe find in the Anantapur district, suggesting that the Mahbubnagar kimberlitic activity could be unrelated to the southern Anantapur.Keywords
Kimberlite Lamproite, Mahbubnagar District, Andhra Pradesh.- Mineral Chemistry and Geochemistry of the Mesocratic Quartz Syenite Intrusions from Vikurthi and Kotappakonda, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh
Abstract Views :199 |
PDF Views:4
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009, IN
2 Department of Geology, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 007, IN
3 National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad-500007, IN
4 Department of Earth Sciences, Bullard Laboratories, Madingley Rise; Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, IN
1 Department of Geology, Kakatiya University, Warangal-506 009, IN
2 Department of Geology, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 007, IN
3 National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad-500007, IN
4 Department of Earth Sciences, Bullard Laboratories, Madingley Rise; Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 45, No 5 (1995), Pagination: 519-529Abstract
The paper presents the mineral analyses and the major, trace and rare earth element geochemistry of the subalkaline syenites from Vikurthi and Kotappakonda in the Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh. A comprehensive model is proposed wherein these and other similar rocks from the Cuddapah intrusive province are envisaged as the differentiated products of an intermediate magma of trachybasaltic composition, which, in turn, has been derived by the differentiation of a parental gabbro magma.Keywords
Geochemistry, Syenites, Igneous Petrology, Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh.- Precambrian Alkaline Potassic-Ultrapotassic, Mafic-Ultramafic Magmatism in Peninsular India
Abstract Views :153 |
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, IN
1 Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 72, No Spl Iss 1 (2008), Pagination: 57-84Abstract
Potassic-ultrapotassic, mafic-ultramafic (PUMU) alkaline magmas, typified by the abundance of potassium over sodium, constitute an extremely important alkaline rock group that includes rare and exotic members such as kimberlites, lamproites and lamprophyres. Their study is of great significance to our understanding of both large- and small-scale geodynamic processes taking place in the continental shield. Peninsular India is one of the largest repositories of some of the oldest Precambrian alkaline PUMU rocks in the world and this paper reviews their distribution, age, petrology, geochemistry, and petrogenesis with comments on their economic potential.
Analysis of the distribution and available age data of the Precambrian PUMU rocks in various geological domains of peninsular India sheds highly interesting aspects viz. they range in age from Archaean to Neoproterozoic with maximum distribution in the Eastern Dharwar craton, where they are essentially of Mesoproterozoic age. On the other hand, those occurring in the Southern Granulite terrain, Eastern Ghats Mobile belt and Bastar-Bhandara craton are exclusively of Neoproterozoic age whilst only Archaean PUMU rocks are as yet known from the Western Dharwar craton. Regional and local geological lineaments played an important role in controlling the emplacement of PUMU rocks.
Crustal contamination is shown to be of negligible influence on the geochemistry of Precambrian Indian kimberlites and lamproites. All of them, with the exception of the Majhgawan and Hinota pipes, are found to be similar to their archetypal varieties contrary to some recent claims. To account the observed geochemistry, the kimberlites and lamproites are inferred to have been derived from a refractory (depleted), but subsequently metasomatised (enriched), source regions in the sub-continental lithospheric mantle. Kimberlites of Siddanpalle and Krishna lamproites, however, are inferred to have been derived from a relatively much shallower source regions. Based on the multiple ages of eruption of lamproites in and around the Cuddapah Basin spread over a vast area, a 'long lived' ultrapotassic alkaline magma reservoir of Precambrian age has been inferred. Isotopic studies of the kimberlites and lamproites demonstrate the on-set of metasomatic (enrichment) processes in Indian lithosphere at least >2Ga as well as the existence of Proterozoic mantle heterogeneity.
Precambrian lamprophyres of India exhibit primitive as well as evolved (differentiated) nature with only limited incidences of crustally contaminated magmas. They have indistinguishable chondrite normalized REE patterns as kimberlites and lamproites thereby implying similar processes were involved in their genesis with the lamprophyres possibly being derived from relatively much shallower depths. Non-eruption of perceptible Proterozoic PUMU rocks in the Western Dharwar craton is envisaged as a direct consequence of lack of any significant thermal perturbation(s) experienced by the underlying lithospheric (metasomatised?) mantle subsequent to its stabilization during the Archaean. Some future thrust areas of research are also identified.
Keywords
Alkaline Rocks, Potassic-Ultrapotassic Magmatism, Kimberlite, Lamproite, Lamprophyre, Precambrian.- Gold in Chrornite Ore of South Kaliapani Mines, Sukinda Ultramafic Belt, Jajpur District, Orissa.
Abstract Views :217 |
PDF Views:119
Authors
Affiliations
1 Ore Dressing Division, Indian Bureau of Mines, Ministry of Mines, L-8, MIDC-Hingna Road, Nagpur - 440 016, IN
1 Ore Dressing Division, Indian Bureau of Mines, Ministry of Mines, L-8, MIDC-Hingna Road, Nagpur - 440 016, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 68, No 2 (2006), Pagination: 171-175Abstract
Gold in the form of cuprian grains is reported based on Electron Probe Micro Analyzer (EPMA) study of a sample received from the chromite tailing dumps of South Kallapani mines, Sukinda Ultramafic Belt, Jajpur district, Orissa The cuprian gold grains vary in size from 3 microns to 10 microns and are found as disserninations within the chromite host-phase Chromite is one of the eallest minerials to form whereas hydrothermal process is charactenstic of gold The association of chromite and gold grains is therefore unusual and highly intcresting Textural features suggest that the gold gram are more likely to be genuine primary inclussions within the host chromite rather than being late stage hydrothermal products filling up cavities or open spaces A preliminaray account of characterization studies of gold grains involving back-scattered electron imaging, X-ray element 'dot' mapping, and qualitative elemental scanning are presented.Keywords
Cuprian Gold, Chromite, Sukinda Valley, Kaliapani mines, Jajpur district Orissa.Full Text
- Mantle-Derived Mafic-Ultramafic Xenoliths and the Nature of Indian Sub-Continental Lithosphere
Abstract Views :355 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, University of Pune, Pune - 411 007, IN
2 Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, IN
3 Department of Geology, Presidency College, Kolkata - 700 073, IN
1 Department of Geology, University of Pune, Pune - 411 007, IN
2 Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, IN
3 Department of Geology, Presidency College, Kolkata - 700 073, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 73, No 5 (2009), Pagination: 657-679Abstract
Mantle derived xenoliths in India are known to occur in the Proterozoic ultrapotassic rocks like kimberlites from Dharwar and Bastar craton and Mesozoic alkali igneous rocks like lamrophyres, nephelinites and basanites. The xenoliths in kimberlites are represented by garnet harzburgites, lherzolites, wehrlite, olivine clinopyroxenites and kyaniteeclogite varieties. The PT conditions estimated for xenoliths from the Dharwar craton suggest that the lithosphere was at least 185 km thick during the Mid-Proterozoic period. The ultrabasic and eclogite xenoliths have been derived from depths of 100-180 km and 75-150 km respectively. The Kalyandurg and Brahmanpalle clusters have sampled the typical Archaean subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) with a low geotherm (35 mW/m2) and harzburgitic to lherzolitic rocks with median Xmgolivine > 0.93. The base of the depleted lithosphere at 185-195 km depth is marked by a 10-15 km layer of strongly metasomatised peridotites (Xmgolivine > ∼0.88). The Anampalle and Wajrakarur clusters 60 km to the NW show a distinctly different SCLM; it has a higher geotherm (37.5 to 40 mW/m2) and contains few subcalcic harzburgites, and has a median Xmgolivine = 0.925. In contrast, the kimberlites of the Uravakonda and WK-7 clusters sampled quite fertile (median Xmgolivine ∼0.915) SCLM with an elevated geotherm (>40 mW/m2).The lamrophyres, basanites and melanephelinites associated with the Deccan Volcanic Province entrain both ultramafic and mafic xenoliths. The ultramafic group is represented by (i) spinel lherzolites, harzburgites, and (ii) pyroxenites. Single pyroxene granulite and two pyroxene granulites constitutes the mafic group. Temperature estimates for the West Coast xenoliths indicate equilibration temperatures of 500-900°C while the pressure estimates vary between 6-11 kbar corresponding to depths of 20-35 km. This elevated geotherm implies that the region is characterized by abnormally high heat flow, which is also supported by the presence of linear array of hot springs along the West Coast. Spinel peridotite xenoliths entrained in the basanites and melanephelinites from the Kutch show low equilibrium temperatures (884-972°C). The estimated pressures obtained on the basis of the absence of both plagioclase and garnet in the xenoliths and by referring the temperatures to the West Coast geotherm is ∼15 kbar (40-45 km depth). The minimum heat flow of 60 to 70 mW/m2 has been computed for the Kutch xenolith (Bhujia hill), which is closely comparable to the oceanic geotherm. Xenolith studies from the West Coast and Kutch indicate that the SCLM beneath is strongly metasomatised although the style of metasomatism is different from that below the Dharwar Craton.
Keywords
Mantle Xenoliths, Kimberlites, Alkali Magmatism, Subcontinental Lithospheric Mantle, Deccan Volcanic Province, Dharwar Craton.References
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- Occurrence of Lamproitic Dykes at the Northern Margin of the Indravati Basin, Bastar Craton, Central India
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1 National Geophysical Research Institute, CSIR, Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500 007, IN
2 Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, IN
1 National Geophysical Research Institute, CSIR, Uppal Road, Hyderabad - 500 007, IN
2 Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, IN
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Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 75, No 4 (2010), Pagination: 632-643Abstract
Occurrence of two lamproitic dykes intruding the basement granite near Khadka village at the northern margin of the Indravati Basin, Bastar craton is reported. Combined field, microscopy, XRD, EPMA and whole-rock geochemical investigations reveal that these lamproites were subjected to high degree of hydrothermal alteration as well as possible metamorphism. However, relicts of their original textures are well-preserved thereby providing important clues as to the nature of the protolith. Quartz, carbonate, chlorite and phlogopite constitute the bulk mineralogy whereas spinel, apatite and iron oxides are the accessory phases. Chemical composition of the groundmass spinels are strikingly similar to those from the lamproites. The Khadka lamproite dykes display high abundances of compatible elements such as Ni (238-396 ppm), Cr (484-892 ppm), and V (160-200 ppm) as well as high-field strength elements such as Zr (719-2057 ppm) and Nb (92-126 ppm) that resemble those in lamproites. Khadka lamproites also have high whole-rock REE abundances (ΣREE up to 1260 ppm) and display fractionated chondrite-normalized REE patterns (La/Yb= 113-237) which together with their average compatible and incompatible trace elemental ratios (e.g. Nb/Zr, Nb/La, Ba/Rb) are strikingly similar to those of the Mesoproterozoic Krishna lamproites of the Eastern Dharwar craton. Available field evidences suggest the Khadka lamproites to be of at least Palaeoproterzoic age (1.88 Ga) which makes them some of the oldest such rocks as yet documented from the Indian shield.Keywords
Petrology, Geochemistry, Lamproite, Indravati Basin, Bastar Craton, Central India.- Glimmeritic Enclave in a Lamprophyre from the Settupalle Alkaline Pluton, Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt
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1 Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221 005, IN
1 Centre of Advanced Study in Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221 005, IN
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Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 75, No 6 (2010), Pagination: 783-790Abstract
A rare occurrence of glimmeritic (mica-rich) enclave - composed of abundant modal biotite, subordinate proportions of clinopyroxene and apatite, minor amounts of feldspar, carbonate and sphene – is reported from the lamprophyre of Settupalle alkaline pluton, Eastern Ghats mobile belt (EGMB), India. The enclave displays very coarse grained equigranular texture (mica laths up to 5 mm and clinopyroxene grains up to 4 mm). In comparison, the host lamprophyre exhibits a marked porphyritic-panidiomorphic texture comprising phenocrysts of clinopyroxene; other phases such as biotite and potash- and plagioclase-feldspar are restricted to the groundmass. A tight closeness in mineral chemistry of the glimmerite and lamprophyre imply a possible genetic relationship between their parent magmas. Glimmeritic enclave is construed to be an autolith of the proto-lamprophyre magma, which failed to reach the surface, and lined the wall-rock along the conduit of the lamprophyric intrusion. Glimmerite enclave provides a direct evidence for the multi-stage modification of the lithospheric mantle due to the infiltration of the potassium-rich hydrous melts such as lamprophyres. Mineralogy of the glimmeritic enclave is also similar to that of a vein component of the hydrous, mafic and potassic-ultrapotassic veined lithosphere in the EGMB.Keywords
Glimmerite, Enclave, Lamprophyre, Settupalle, Eastern Ghats Mobile Belt.- Comparative Study of Lamprophyres from the Cuddapah Intrusive Province (CIP) of Andhra Pradesh, India
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1 Department of Geology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, A.P. - 506 009, IN
2 National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad- 500 007, IN
3 Department of Applied Geochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad- 500 007, IN
4 Department of Geology, Osmania University, Hyderabad- 500 007, IN
1 Department of Geology, Kakatiya University, Warangal, A.P. - 506 009, IN
2 National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad- 500 007, IN
3 Department of Applied Geochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad- 500 007, IN
4 Department of Geology, Osmania University, Hyderabad- 500 007, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 52, No 6 (1998), Pagination: 621-642Abstract
The mid-Proterozoic lamprophyric rocks broadly represented by kimberlites, lamproites and lamprophyres (sensu stricto) are emplaced in and adjacent to the intracratonic Cuddapah basin in the eastern Dharwar craton of India which was recently recognized as the Cuddapah (intrusive) province (CIP). While the kimberlite pipes and lamprophyre dykes are located outside but close to the western and eastern margins of the Cuddapah basin respectively, the lamproites are hosted within the basin. Lamprophyres occur in seven locations of the Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh. EIchuru, where more than one hundred lamprophyre dykes are found, represents a prominent centre of lamprophyre magmatism. Purimetla comes next to Elchuru with a tally of twenty lamprophyre dykes. At other places lamprophyres are numerically insignificant. The CIP lamprophyres encompass different varieties and they cut across an equally wide-ranging variety of host rocks; these lamprophyres come under 1) feldspathoidal or non- feldspathoidal and 2) plagioclase- or orthoclase-bearing categories. With a single exception, all the lamprophyres are micaceous and distinctly alkaline. The genesis of CIP lamprophyres as a manifestation of alkaline magmatism is discussed.Keywords
Petrology, Geochemistry, Lamprophyres, Cuddapah Province, Andhra Pradesh.- Contrasting Isotopic Mantle Sources for Proterozoic Lamproites and Kimberlites from the Cuddapah Basin and Eastern Dharwar Craton: Implication for Proterozoic Mantle Heterogeneity Beneath Southern India
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Affiliations
1 Mineralogy Laboratory, Ore Dressing Division, Indian Bureau of Mines, Nagpur - 440 016, IN
2 Department of Geology, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S4M1, Ontario, CA
1 Mineralogy Laboratory, Ore Dressing Division, Indian Bureau of Mines, Nagpur - 440 016, IN
2 Department of Geology, McMaster University, Hamilton L8S4M1, Ontario, CA
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 52, No 6 (1998), Pagination: 683-694Abstract
Kimberlites intruding the Precambrian basement towards the western margin of the Cuddapah basin near Anantapur (1090 Ma) and Mahbubnagar (1360 Ma) in Andhra Pradesh have initial 87Sr/86Sr between 0.70205 to 0.70734 and εNd between +0.5 to +4.68. Mesoproterozoic lamproites (1380 Ma) from the Cuddapah basin (Chelima and Zangamarajupalle) and its NE margin (Ramannapeta) have initiail 87Sr/86Sr between 0.70520 and 0.7390 and εNd from -6.43 to -8.29. Combined Sr- and Nd-isotopic ratios suggest that lamproites were derived from "enriched" sources which have time-averaged higher Rb/Sr and lower Sm/Nd ratios than the Bulk Earth whereas kimberlites were derived from "depleted" source with lower Rb/Sr and higher Sm/Nd ratios. Calculated TDM model ages suggest that the lamproite source enrichment (∼2 Ga) preceded that of kimberlites (∼1.37 Ga). Our work demonstrates the existence of isotopically contrasting upper mantle sources for southern Indian kimberlites and lamproites and provides evidence for a lateral, isotopically heterogeneous mantle beneath the Cuddapah basin and eastern Dharwar craton. The significance of our results in the context of diamond exploration is also highlighted.Keywords
Petrology, Geochemistry, Kimberlite, Lamproite, Isotopes, Mantle, Andhra Pradesh.- Petrogenesis of Gabbro and Orthopyroxene Gabbro from the Phenai Mata Igneous Complex, Deccan Volcanic Province: Products of Concurrent Assimilation and Fractional Crystallization
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Government V.Y.T.PG. Autonomous College, Durg, Chhattisgarh, IN
2 Centre of Advance Study in Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221 005, IN
1 Government V.Y.T.PG. Autonomous College, Durg, Chhattisgarh, IN
2 Centre of Advance Study in Geology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi – 221 005, IN
Source
Journal of Geological Society of India (Online archive from Vol 1 to Vol 78), Vol 78, No 6 (2011), Pagination: 501-509Abstract
We report the occurrence of orthopyroxene gabbro from the Phenai Mata Igneous Complex (containing thoeliitic and alkaline rocks) that occur within Deccan Traps. The P-T calculations based on two pyroxene thermometry vary from 8.5±1.0 kbar and 963±39 °C. These gabbroic rocks exhibit high Mg# (0.67 to 0.71). But their primary magma signature can be negated due to their high SiO2 ( > 50 wt %), low Ni (32-35 ppm) and Cr (105-182 ppm) contents. Further, simple fractional crystallization was not responsible for the modification of the magma. Modeling carried out using trace element concentrations revealed that concurrent assimilation and fractional crystallization (AFC) was responsible for the genesis of these rocks. Small pods of magma could have accumulated in the crustal portions and concurrent assimilation and fractional crystallization have taken place in the generation of gabbro and orthopyroxene gabbro in the present study area.Keywords
Orthopyroxene, Deccan Traps, Concurrent Assimilation and Fractional Crystallization, Gabbro, Phenai Mata.References
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- Science of the Earth System
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1 Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, IN
1 Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi - 221 005, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 116, No 12 (2019), Pagination: 1942-1943Abstract
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No Keywords.Full Text
- Boron Measurement in Tourmaline from Pegmatite Veins, Simdega Area, Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex, Eastern India using Electron Probe Microanalysis
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Mantle Petrology Laboratory, Department of Geology, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
1 Mantle Petrology Laboratory, Department of Geology, Centre of Advanced Study, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 5 (2019), Pagination: 858-865Abstract
Tourmaline group of minerals, the primary source of boron, are cyclosilicates which are widespread in the earth’s crust. Earlier studies involving the nomenclature and classification of tourmaline were based on the measurement of its common elements (Al, Mn, Fe, Mg, etc.). In all such studies, boron was assumed to be fixed in the composition and restricted only to the triangular structural site. However, recent discovery of the presence of boron in the tetrahedral structural site as well, necessitates the measurement of boron content. Much of the earlier attempts to measure boron were based on solution methods, and electron microprobe analysis (EPMA) was the least used due to low levels of detection of its analytical crystals. In the present study, we quantify boron – particularly along with fluorine and other major elements – in tourmaline grains using high-sensitivity PC3 analytical crystal. We found that the measured boron content slightly exceeds that of the stoichiometrically calculated boron. Also, the studied tourmalines come under the alkali group in general and belong to the schorl– dravite solid solution series in particular.Keywords
Boron, Electron Probe Micro Analysis, Pegmatite, Tourmaline.Full Text
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- Volcanic and Igneous Plumbing Systems:Understanding Magma Transport, Storage, and Evolution in the Earth’s Crust
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Authors
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1 Mantle Petrology Laboratory, Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
1 Mantle Petrology Laboratory, Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 12 (2019), Pagination: 2060-2062Abstract
Volcanoes are some of the most fascinating features not only on the earth but also on some of its counterparts in our own solar system. For example, Olympus Mons on the Mars is the tallest yet known volcano in our solar system with a height almost three times that of the Mount Everest. Volcanoes are regarded to be the cradle for the development and evolution of life on the earth as well as edifices which have brought countless species (including giant dinosaurs) close to and/or complete extinction.Full Text
- The Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi:A Success Story of 100 Years
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
1 Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 118, No 2 (2020), Pagination: 186-188Abstract
Completion of one hundred years of existence is a monumental occasion on every front. If an academic institution of eminence crosses this milestone it becomes imperative not only to celebrate this historic event, but also necessitate us to pause and ruminate with pride its long and illustrious journey through the past century. The Department of Geology of the Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University (BHU), Varanasi, established in 1919, has completed its centennial year in October of 2019 and joins the proud list of such century old prestigious academic institutions of our country like Presidency University, Kolkata and Presidency College, Chennai, where such departments were started as early as in 1892 and 1910 respectively. It is a coincidence that two renowned earth science unions, viz. the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) and the American Geophysical Union (AGU) have completed 100 years of their glorious services in 2019. This write-up briefly outlines the evolutionary history of the Department of Geology, BHU, its phenomenal role as a progenitor and mentor to several other distinguished earth science departments across the country, present status, and also its roadmap for the future.Full Text
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- Mesoproterozoic 40Ar/39Ar Age and Sr–Nd Isotopic Geochemistry of Calc-alkaline Lamprophyre fromthe Mudigubba Area, Eastern Dharwar Craton, India
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Authors
Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
2 Centre for Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
1 Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
2 Centre for Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 119, No 7 (2020), Pagination: 1142-1148Abstract
We report a 40Ar/39Ar Mesoproterozoic radiometric age for a calc-alkaline lamprophyre dyke from the Mudigubba area towards the western margin of the Cuddapah Basin, Eastern Dharwar Craton (EDC), Southern India. Amphibole phenocryst separates from this lamprophyre yielded a plateau age of 1169 ± 8 Ma (2σ ), which is almost 50 million years older than the majority of radiometric dates available for the Wajrakarur field kimberlites which are proximal to this dyke. Bulk-rock Sr–Nd isotopic analyses of the Mudigubba lamprophyre dykes (εNd(t) between –13.3 and –12.4) reveal their derivation from an old, enriched, continental lithospheric mantle unlike the kimberlites (bulk-rock and perovskite in situ εNd(t)) between –0.77 and +7.93), which originated either from a chondritic or depleted mantle source. This study provides further evidence for emplacement of compositionally distinct, mantle-derived Mesoproterozoic alkaline magmas in the EDC and highlights the extremely heterogeneous character of the lithospheric mantle beneath this craton.Keywords
Alkaline Magma, Lamprophyre Dyke, Lithospheric Mantle, Kimberlites, Radiometric Age.Full Text
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Affiliations
1 Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
1 Department of Geology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 120, No 5 (2021), Pagination: 759-763Abstract
No Abstract.Full Text
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